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Through observations of children, Jean Piaget established a theory of cognitive development. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development there are four stages of cognitive development. [8] [9] Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 24 Months) Preoperational Stage (24 Months to 7 Years) Concrete Operational Stage (7 Years to 12 Years)
He also created ZPD to further develop Jean Piaget's theory of children being lone and autonomous learners. [4] Vygotsky spent a lot of time studying the impact of school instruction on children and noted that children grasp language concepts quite naturally, but that math and writing did not come as naturally.
Jean Piaget (1896–1980) developed a theory about the development of human intelligence, describing the stages of cognitive development. He claimed that early childhood is the time of pre-operational thought, characterized by children's inability to process logical thought. [ 13 ]
The Developmental Interaction Approach is based on the theories of Jean Piaget, Erik Erikson, John Dewey, and Lucy Sprague Mitchell. The approach focuses on learning through discovery. [ 16 ] Jean Jacques Rousseau recommended that teachers should exploit individual children's interests to make sure each child obtains the information most ...
Constructivism in education is rooted in epistemology, a theory of knowledge concerned with the logical categories of knowledge and its justification. [3] It acknowledges that learners bring prior knowledge and experiences shaped by their social and cultural environment and that learning is a process of students "constructing" knowledge based on their experiences.
For Jean Piaget, the child is "a little scientist exploring and reflecting on these explorations to increase competence" and this is done in "a very independent way". [112]: 7, 9 Play is a major activity for ages 3–5. For Piaget, through play "a child reaches higher levels of cognitive development." [112]: 14
Introduced by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget through his cognitive-developmental stage theory, centration is a behaviour often demonstrated in the preoperational stage. [2] Piaget claimed that egocentrism, a common element responsible for preoperational children's unsystematic thinking, was causal to centration. [2]
Well known psychologists such as Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg placed particular importance on the cognitive development of children. [1] Moral reasoning is a function of increased cognitive abilities in the brain in conjunction with socialization within the established moral codes of a culture and society .