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Beta 1-adrenergic agonists, also known as Beta 1-adrenergic receptor agonists, are a class of drugs that bind selectively to the beta-1 adrenergic receptor. As a result, they act more selectively upon the heart. Beta-adrenoceptors typically bind to norepinephrine release by sympathetic adrenergic nerves and to circulating epinephrine.
Beta blockers, also spelled β-blockers, are a class of medications that are predominantly used to manage abnormal heart rhythms ( arrhythmia ), and to protect the heart from a second heart attack after a first heart attack ( secondary prevention ). [1]
The beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β 1 adrenoceptor), also known as ADRB1, can refer to either the protein-encoding gene (gene ADRB1) or one of the four adrenergic receptors. [5] It is a G-protein coupled receptor associated with the Gs heterotrimeric G-protein that is expressed predominantly in cardiac tissue.
Bisoprolol, sold under the brand name Zebeta among others, is a beta blocker which is selective for the beta-1 receptor and used for cardiovascular diseases, including tachyarrhythmias, high blood pressure, angina, and heart failure. It is taken by mouth.
β 1 agonists stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity and opening of calcium channel (cardiac stimulants; used to treat cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, bradyarrhythmias). Selected examples are: Denopamine; Dobutamine; Dopexamine (β 1 and β 2) Epinephrine (non-selective) Isoprenaline , isoproterenol (β 1 and β 2) Prenalterol; Xamoterol
Metoprolol is a beta blocker, or an antagonist of the β-adrenergic receptors. It is specifically a selective antagonist of the β 1-adrenergic receptor and has no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Metoprolol exerts its effects by blocking the action of certain neurotransmitters, specifically adrenaline and noradrenaline.
It primarily works by direct stimulation of β 1 receptors, which increases the strength of the heart's contractions, leading to a positive inotropic effect. Generally it has little effect on a person's heart rate. Dobutamine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1978.
Since beta 1 receptor are mainly located in the heart, most beta 1 blockers take abnormalities associated with the heart as the target. It treats medical conditions like hypertension, arrhythmias, heart failure, chest pain, myocardial infarction. It treats other symptoms unrelated to heart like migraines and anxiety. Beta 2 blocker
Class II agents. Class II agents are conventional beta blockers. They act by blocking the effects of catecholamines at the β 1 -adrenergic receptors, thereby decreasing sympathetic activity on the heart, which reduces intracellular cAMP levels and hence reduces Ca 2+ influx.
Beta 1 blockers. Beta 1 blockers bind to the beta 1 receptor without activating it, inhibiting the receptor-mediated effects. The beta-1 receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor with the Gs alpha subunit as its main signaling protein.