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Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis. It can cause both acute and chronic infection. Many people have no symptoms during an initial infection.
Hepatitis B virus causes the disease hepatitis B. Hepatitis is considered to be the leading cause of liver cancer worldwide (reference). Hepatitis B virus can be found in almost every region of the world but is most prevalent in countries where the virus is endemic.
In regions where hepatitis B infection is endemic, such as southeast China, hepatitis B is the predominant cause. In populations largely protected by hepatitis B vaccination, such as the United States, HCC is most often linked to causes of cirrhosis such as chronic hepatitis C, obesity, and excessive alcohol use.
Hepatitis D is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B to replicate and is only found with hepatitis B co-infection. In adults, hepatitis B infection is most commonly self-limiting, with less than 5% progressing to chronic state, and 20 to 30% of those chronically infected developing cirrhosis or liver cancer. [30]
The leading cause of liver cancer is cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or alcohol. [4] Other causes include aflatoxin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver flukes. [3] The most common types are HCC, which makes up 80% of cases and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. [3]
Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine that prevents hepatitis B. The first dose is recommended within 24 hours of birth with either two or three more doses given after that. This includes those with poor immune function such as from HIV/AIDS and those born premature. It is also recommended that health-care workers be vaccinated.
Hepatitis B infections result in 500,000 to 1,200,000 deaths per year worldwide due to the complications of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis B is endemic in a number of (mainly South-East Asian) countries, making cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma big killers.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with Hepatocarcinoma; Epstein–Barr virus (EBV or HHV-4) is associated with four types of cancers; Human cytomegalovirus (CMV or HHV-5) is associated with mucoepidermoid carcinoma and possibly other malignancies.
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses (hepatocellular carcinoma) Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (T-cell leukemias). Merkel cell polyomavirus (Merkel cell carcinoma) Bacterial infection may also increase the risk of cancer, as seen in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinoma.
The Hepatitis B Foundation is a nonprofit organization that provides resources and information about hepatitis B, engages in public health outreach campaigns, and leads public policy initiatives.
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