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The Macchiaioli were a group of Italian painters from Tuscany, active in the second half of the 19th century, who, breaking with the antiquated conventions taught by the Italian academies of art, painted outdoors in order to capture natural light, shade, and colour. The Macchiaioli were forerunners of the Impressionists who, beginning in the ...
Italian Footballers' Association; UILCA; Structure. Italian unions are built around local chambers of labor (camera del lavoro). These chambers largely do not collectively bargain but serve as the clearinghouse for Italian worker assistance, as opposed to other countries, where workers might first appeal to a national union.
Fondazione FS Italiane. Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane S.p.A. ( lit. "Italian State Railways JSC "; previously only Ferrovie dello Stato, hence the initialism FS) is Italy 's national state-owned railway holding company that manages transport, infrastructure, real estate services and other services in Italy and other European countries.
It affiliated to the new Italian Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions (CISL), and also to the International Landworkers' Federation. It was initially led by Angelo Formis, then by Amos Zanibelli, Paulo Sartori and, finally, Albino Gorini. The union was CISL's largest affiliate, claiming 361,500 members in 1955, and 214,430 members in 1996.
Background. At the beginning of 1943, Italy was facing defeat. The collapse of the African front on 4 November 1942 and the Allied landings in North Africa on 8–12 November exposed Italy to an invasion of the Allied forces. [5] The defeat of the Italian expeditionary force ( ARMIR) in Russia, the heavy bombings of the cities, and the lack of ...
The National Institute for Social Security ( Italian: Istituto nazionale della previdenza sociale, INPS) is the main entity of the Italian public retirement system. All waged labourers and most of self-employed, without a proper autonomous social security fund, must be subscribed to INPS. The entity is under the supervision of the Ministry of ...
Main: Post-World War II economic growth and increased industrial production in Italy. The Italian economy has had very variable growth. In the 1950s and early 1960s, the Italian economy was booming, with record high growth rates, including 6.4% in 1959, 5.8% in 1960, 6.8% in 1961, and 6.1% in 1962.
Logo. Bologna zone. The Bologna Process is a series of ministerial meetings and agreements between European countries to ensure comparability in the standards and quality of higher-education qualifications. [1] The process has created the European Higher Education Area under the Lisbon Recognition Convention.