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Learn how beta-blockers were discovered and developed in the 1960s for angina and other cardiovascular diseases. Find out the differences between non-selective and selective beta-blockers, and their mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetics.
Beta blockers are medications that block the receptors for stress hormones on adrenergic beta receptors. They are used to treat various heart and vascular conditions, such as hypertension, arrhythmia, and congestive heart failure, as well as other disorders.
Adrenergic blocking agents are drugs that inhibit the sympathetic nervous system and its effects on adrenergic receptors. They are used to treat various diseases, such as hypertension, heart failure, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and Raynaud phenomenon, but may have adverse effects.
Labetalol is a beta- and alpha-blocker that can be used to treat hypertension, angina, and hypertensive emergencies. It can be taken by mouth or by injection, and has common side effects such as low blood pressure, dizziness, and nausea.
Learn about the gene, protein, and receptor for beta-1 adrenergic receptor, a G-protein coupled receptor that mediates the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Find out its structure, function, pathways, and expression in cardiac and brain tissue.
Learn about TGF-beta, a multifunctional cytokine that regulates many cellular functions and plays a role in inflammation, stem cell differentiation, and immune response. Find out the structure, function, and regulation of TGF-beta and its receptors.
Learn about the beta-3 adrenergic receptor, a protein that responds to epinephrine and norepinephrine and regulates lipolysis, thermogenesis, and bladder function. Find out its structure, function, ligands, interactions, and related adrenergic receptors.
Adrenergic antagonists are drugs that block the function of adrenergic receptors, which are involved in the fight-or-flight response. Learn about the different types of adrenergic antagonists, such as beta blockers and alpha blockers, and their medical uses and side effects.