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Bregs also express various inhibitory surface markers such as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD39, CD73, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The regulatory effects of Bregs were described in various models of inflammation, autoimmune diseases, transplantation reactions, and in anti-tumor immunity.
Antigen-specific mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include persistent of T cell in quiescence, ignorance of antigen and direct inactivation of effector T cells by either clonal deletion, conversion to regulatory T cells (Tregs) or induction of anergy.
Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) or cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) are regions of non-coding DNA which regulate the transcription of neighboring genes. CREs are vital components of genetic regulatory networks , which in turn control morphogenesis , the development of anatomy , and other aspects of embryonic development , studied in evolutionary ...
In biochemistry, allosteric regulation (or allosteric control) is the regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site . The site to which the effector binds is termed the allosteric site or regulatory site. Allosteric sites allow effectors to bind to the protein, often resulting in a ...
Secreted by regulatory T-cells (T regs), regulatory B-cells (B regs) or even CD8+ regulatory T cells, IL-35 suppresses inflammatory responses of immune cells. IL-35 is not constitutively expressed in tissues, but the gene encoding IL-35 is transcribed by vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and monocytes after activation with ...
Trans-regulatory elements (TRE) are DNA sequences encoding upstream regulators (ie. trans-acting factors), which may modify or regulate the expression of distant genes. Trans-acting factors interact with cis-regulatory elements to regulate gene expression. TRE mediates expression profiles of a large number of genes via trans-acting factors.
The regulatory T cells (Tregs / ˈ t iː r ɛ ɡ / or T reg cells), formerly known as suppressor T cells, are a subpopulation of T cells that modulate the immune system, maintain tolerance to self-antigens, and prevent autoimmune disease.
A regulatory enzyme is an enzyme in a biochemical pathway which, through its responses to the presence of certain other biomolecules, regulates the pathway activity. This is usually done for pathways whose products may be needed in different amounts at different times, such as hormone production.
By a similar regulatory mechanism, the development of B10pro cells is inhibited by TGF-β and IFN-γ. Through their inhibitory effects, B10 cells interfere with antigen-presenting abilities, the production of cytokines, and the activation of dendritic cells.
In Wikidata. Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators ( SEGRMs) and selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists ( SEGRAs) formerly known as dissociated glucocorticoid receptor agonists ( DIGRAs) are a class of experimental drugs designed to share many of the desirable anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, or anticancer properties of ...