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The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a massive, nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy from its surface mainly as visible light and infrared radiation with 10% at ultraviolet energies.
At the top of the atmosphere, sunlight is about 30% more intense, having about 8% ultraviolet (UV), [8] with most of the extra UV consisting of biologically damaging short-wave ultraviolet. [9] Direct sunlight has a luminous efficacy of about 93 lumens per watt of radiant flux.
Over 99.86% of the Solar System's mass is in the Sun and nearly 90% of the remaining mass is in Jupiter and Saturn. There is a strong consensus among astronomers [e] that the Solar System has at least nine dwarf planets: Ceres, Orcus, Pluto, Haumea, Quaoar, Makemake, Gonggong, Eris, and Sedna.
The Sun is a British tabloid newspaper, published by the News Group Newspapers division of News UK, itself a wholly owned subsidiary of Lachlan Murdoch 's News Corp. [9] [10] It was founded as a broadsheet in 1964 as a successor to the Daily Herald, and became a tabloid in 1969 after it was purchased by its current owner. [11]
Sun path, sometimes also called day arc, refers to the daily and seasonal arc-like path that the Sun appears to follow across the sky as the Earth rotates and orbits the Sun. The Sun's path affects the length of daytime experienced and amount of daylight received along a certain latitude during a given season.
miles. 7.353 55 × 10−8. light-year. 2.254 61 × 10−8. parsec. 2.32061. light-seconds. Solar radius is a unit of distance used to express the size of stars in astronomy relative to the Sun. The solar radius is usually defined as the radius to the layer in the Sun 's photosphere where the optical depth equals 2/3: [1]
A “half-sun” is also available and visible for viewing on Tuesday 28 May at 8.13pm and Saturday 13 July at 8.21pm, according to the American Museum of Natural History.
The solar mass ( M☉) is a standard unit of mass in astronomy, equal to approximately 2 × 1030 kg. It is approximately equal to the mass of the Sun. It is often used to indicate the masses of other stars, as well as stellar clusters, nebulae, galaxies and black holes.
The core of the Sun is considered to extend from the center to about 0.2 of solar radius (139,000 km; 86,000 mi). It is the hottest part of the Sun and of the Solar System. It has a density of 150,000 kg/m 3 (150 g/cm 3) at the center, and a temperature of 15 million kelvins (15 million degrees Celsius; 27 million degrees Fahrenheit).
When the Sun is viewed from the "north" (above Earth's north pole), solar rotation is counterclockwise (eastward). To a person standing on Earth's North Pole at the time of equinox, sunspots would appear to move from left to right across the Sun's face.