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Also for Urdu vs Hindi, Hindi has advantage of better internet presence then Urdu. On the other hand instead of learning a new Devanagari script from scratch, using Urdu's Arabic-based script would be more easier for you. Even if you choose Hindi, and you are already able to read Urdu, then you are learning both languages at the same time.
To be considered related, you have to find far more words that look similar. If you want an example, go look at the evidence that shows that Hindi/urdu is part of the Indo-european family. You can find thousands of Hindi/urdu words that are obviously similar to English words with related meanings. Even their pronouns are obviously related!
The situation with Hindi and Urdu is more intriguing due to two things. Firstly, these registers have labels, so people have a way of identifying it. Secondly, its highly politically motivated - hardly any Hindu reports as Urdu speaker and hardly any Muslim reports as Hindi speaker.
It is known that the Urdu script is used to write Hindustani languages and Shahmukhi is used to write Punjabi and Saraiki languages. But both the Perso-Arabic-based scripts are of the same Nastaliq ... In Urdu, ہ is called gol he and ھ is called docašmī he.
This is a phenomenon attested in Hyderabad (India) dialects of Hindi-Urdu. While standard Hindi-Urdu has mujh ko (the accusative/dative for the 1st singular pronoun, formed from oblique mujh + postposition ko), in Hyderabad, we say mereku instead (genitive mere + ku, for ku cf. ko).
This is an Arabic letter ة and this is an Urdu letter ۃ. The latter is used in Arabic to Urdu loans, but is not the same, as we can see when we connect them to another letter like لة or لۃ. For context, note that most Punjabi speakers do not write Punjabi at all, in any script. In Pakistan, people are instructed in Urdu or English.
Very interesting. Apparently there is such a list, and I stand corrected. However, I wouldn't say it's widely accepted, and without details of how the "distance" is calculated, I can't comment on its veracity.
Recently there has been an influx of polemics on Reddit/4chan etc., saying that "Hindi is just Sanskritized Urdu", or "the language of Hindustani is a gift of invaders" or something like "Sanskritized Hindi was created by Gilchrist", etc.
11. I'm sure most people here know, but for completeness, let's define what syntax is: The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. [NOAD] N.B. It can also refer to the rules that govern it, or to the linguistics branch that studies such rules. Anyway, this word-order can be more or less free, but it ...
That's incorrect. I don't know much about Urdu, but I searched it and it seems that the Urdu word for 'what' is kia and that for 'who' is kon. Ye means 'this', not 'what' or 'who'. I don't know but I'll wait for someone else to correct me. –