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In human anatomy, the hepatic portal system or portal venous system is the system of veins comprising the portal vein and its tributaries. The other portal venous systems in the body are the renal portal system , and the hypophyseal portal system .
The portal vein is not a true vein, because it conducts blood to capillary beds in the liver and not directly to the heart. It is a major component of the hepatic portal system, one of three portal venous systems in the human body; the others being the hypophyseal and renal portal systems.
There are three portal systems, two venous: the hepatic portal system and the hypophyseal portal system; and one arterial (one capillary system between two arteries): the renal portal system. [1] Unqualified, portal venous system usually refers to the hepatic portal system.
A portal triad (also known as portal canal, portal field[citation needed], portal area[citation needed], or portal tract[citation needed]) is a distinctive arrangement within lobules. It consists of the following five structures: [6] proper hepatic artery, an arteriole branch of the hepatic artery that supplies oxygen.
The hepatic portal vein delivers around 75% of the liver's blood supply and carries venous blood drained from the spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and its associated organs. The hepatic arteries supply arterial blood to the liver, accounting for the remaining quarter of its blood flow.
hepatic portal vein (entering) The hepatic duct lies in front and to the right, the hepatic artery to the left, and the portal vein behind and between the duct and artery. It also transmits nerves and lymphatics . Sympathetic nerves - these provide afferent pain impulses from the liver and gall bladder to the brain.
In human anatomy, the hepatic veins are the veins that drain venous blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava (as opposed to the hepatic portal vein which conveys blood from the gastrointestinal organs to the liver: 1212 ).
In the centre of each segment there is a branch of the portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct. In the periphery of each segment there is vascular outflow through the hepatic veins. The division of the liver into independent units means that segments can be resected without damaging the remaining segments.
Diagram showing the segments of the lobes as classified by Couinaud. The lobes of the liver are further divided into eight liver segments in the Couinaud system . These are also known as hepatic segments that are surgically resectable .
The primary function of the Kupffer cell is to remove foreign debris and particles that have come from the hepatic portal system when passing through the liver. It is possible for the Kupffer cells to take in large particles by phagocytosis and smaller particles via pinocytosis.
