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The standard pronunciation in modern English is /ɪŋ/, with a velar nasal consonant. Variants include /ɪŋg/ (e.g. Northern England), /ɪn/ or /ən/ (widespread) and /i (ː)n/ (mainly US, [3] but also in Canada [4] ). The variants with /n/ may be denoted in writing with an apostrophe: runnin' for running.
The name is derived from Late Latin gerundium, meaning "which is to be carried out". In English, the gerund has the properties of both verb and noun, such as being modifiable by an adverb and being able to take a direct object. The term " -ing form" is often used in English to refer to the gerund specifically.
English grammar. Verbs constitute one of the main parts of speech (word classes) in the English language. Like other types of words in the language, English verbs are not heavily inflected. Most combinations of tense, aspect, mood and voice are expressed periphrastically, using constructions with auxiliary verbs .
The continuous aspect is constructed by using a form of the copula, "to be", together with the present participle (marked with the suffix -ing ). [6] It is generally used for actions that are occurring at the time in question, and does not focus on the larger time-scale. For example, the sentence "Andrew was playing tennis when Jane called him."
The -ing form ( going, writing, climbing ), used as a present participle, gerund, (de)verbal noun, and sometimes (de)verbal adjective. The verb be has a larger number of different forms ( am, is, are, was, were, etc.), while the modal verbs have a more limited number of forms.
English also inflects verbs by affixation to mark the third person singular in the present tense (with -s ), and the present participle (with -ing ). English short adjectives are inflected to mark comparative and superlative forms (with -er and -est respectively).
English grammar is the set of structural rules of the English language. This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and whole texts.
This article describes the syntax of clauses in the English language, chiefly in Modern English. A clause is often said to be the smallest grammatical unit that can express a complete proposition. [1] But this semantic idea of a clause leaves out much of English clause syntax.
Present continuous. The present continuous, also called the present progressive or present imperfect, is a verb form used in modern English that combines the present tense with the continuous aspect. [1] It is formed by the present tense form of be and the present participle of a verb.
The list of auxiliary verbs in Modern English, along with their inflected forms, is shown in the following table. Contractions are only shown if their orthography is distinctive. There are also numerous unstressed versions that are typically, although not necessarily, written in the standard way.