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Regulatory B cells (Bregs or B reg cells) represent a small population of B cells that participates in immunomodulation and in the suppression of immune responses. The population of Bregs can be further separated into different human or murine subsets such as B10 cells, marginal zone B cells, Br1 cells, GrB + B cells, CD9 + B cells, and even some plasmablasts or plasma cells.
B10 cells are a sub-class of regulatory B-cells (B reg cell) that are involved in inhibiting immune responses in both humans and mice. [1][2][3] B10 cells are named for their ability to produce inhibitory interleukin: Interleukin-10 (IL-10). [4][5] One of their unique abilities is that they suppress the innate and adaptive immune signals ...
Peripheral tolerance. In immunology, peripheral tolerance is the second branch of immunological tolerance, after central tolerance. It takes place in the immune periphery (after T and B cells egress from primary lymphoid organs). Its main purpose is to ensure that self-reactive T and B cells which escaped central tolerance do not cause ...
B cell activation occurs in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), such as the spleen and lymph nodes. [1] After B cells mature in the bone marrow, they migrate through the blood to SLOs, which receive a constant supply of antigen through circulating lymph. [14] At the SLO, B cell activation begins when the B cell binds to an antigen via its BCR ...
Interleukin 35. Interleukin 35 (IL-35) is a recently discovered anti-inflammatory cytokine from the IL-12 family. Member of IL-12 family - IL-35 is produced by wide range of regulatory lymphocytes and plays a role in immune suppression. [1] IL-35 can block the development of Th1 and Th17 cells by limiting early T cell proliferation.
Mechanism of class-switch recombination that allows isotype switching in activated B cells. Immunoglobulin class switching, also known as isotype switching, isotypic commutation or class-switch recombination (CSR), is a biological mechanism that changes a B cell's production of immunoglobulin from one type to another, such as from the isotype IgM to the isotype IgG. [1]
The term "transitional B cell" was first used in 1995 for cells that are developmentally intermediate between immature bone marrow B lineage cells and fully mature naïve B cells in the peripheral blood and secondary lymphoid tissues, found in mice. In humans, it is postulated that the transitional cells, after leaving the bone marrow, are ...
B-cell receptor. The B-cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell. A B-cell receptor includes both CD79 and the immunoglobulin. The plasma membrane of a B cell is indicated by the green phospholipids. The B- cell receptor extends both outside the cell (above the plasma membrane) and inside the cell (below the ...