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The Hazara people have also been the victims of massacres committed by the Taliban and al-Qaeda. Conditions improved for the Hazaras in Afghanistan during the post-Taliban era. However, Hazaras who lived in the southern provinces of Afghanistan continued to face unofficial discrimination at the hands of Pashtuns. [5]
Genetic data shows that the Hazaras of Afghanistan cluster closely with the Uzbek population of the country, while both groups are at a notable distance from Afghanistan's Tajik and Pashtun populations. [91] [92] There is evidence for both paternal and maternal relations to Turkic peoples, Mongolic peoples and Iranic peoples. [93]
Ethnic groups in Afghanistan as of 1997. Afghanistan is a multiethnic and mostly tribal society. The population of the country consists of numerous ethnolinguistic groups: mainly the Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, and Uzbek, as well as the minorities of Aimaq, Turkmen, Baloch, Pashai, Nuristani, Gujjar, Brahui, Qizilbash, Pamiri, Kyrgyz, Sadat, Mongol and others.
During this time, the Hazaras were set apart from Afghanistan's other ethnic groups due to their status as Shia rather than Sunni Muslims. [5] As a Sunni Muslim and a member of the Pashtun majority, Abdul Rahman Kahn encouraged violence against the Hazaras. [5] This genocide of the Hazaras was also perpetrated by Pashtun religious leaders.
Hazara genocide (19th century) Over 60% of the Hazara population of Hazarajat were killed and some displaced. [3] The Hazara genocide occurred in the aftermath of the Second Anglo-Afghan War when the Afghanistan Emirate signed the Treaty of Gandamak. Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman set out to bring the Turkistan, Hazaristan, and Kafiristan regions ...
Pashtuns in India are often referred to as Pathans (the Hindustani word for Pashtun) both by themselves and other ethnic groups of the subcontinent. [53][54][55][56] Some Indians claim descent from Pashtun soldiers who settled in India by marrying local women during the Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent. [57]
The Afshar operation, which saw hundreds of Sunni Pashtuns and Shia Hazaras systemically targeted and depopulated from villages in the area, was the first such sectarian oriented incident in Afghanistan's modern history. It is also considered to have been one of the worst single events in Afghanistan's wars. [5]
Kuchi–Hazara conflict is the series of conflicts between Kuchis and Hazaras over the lands in Hazarajat, the central highlands of Afghanistan, since the early 18th century. After the establishment of new Afghan Government, these conflicts have turned into war between Hazaras and Kuchis. The conflicts have left tens of people dead, hundreds ...