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Metoprolol is a beta blocker, or an antagonist of the β-adrenergic receptors. It is specifically a selective antagonist of the β 1-adrenergic receptor and has no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Metoprolol exerts its effects by blocking the action of certain neurotransmitters, specifically adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Beta blockers are competitive antagonists that block the receptor sites for the endogenous catecholamines epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) on adrenergic beta receptors, of the sympathetic nervous system, which mediates the fight-or-flight response.
β adrenergic receptor antagonists (also called beta-blockers or β-blockers) were initially developed in the 1960s, for the treatment of angina pectoris but are now also used for hypertension, congestive heart failure and certain arrhythmias.
Most agents in this class are beta blockers. Class III agents affect potassium (K +) efflux. Class IV agents affect calcium channels and the AV node. Class V agents work by other or unknown mechanisms.
Beta-blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity: acebutolol, pindolol; Some common side effects include increased airway resistance for non-selective beta-blockers, exacerbation of peripheral vascular diseases, and hypotension. Beta-blockers are contraindicated in patients with second- or third-degree atrioventricular block.
The combination of beta blockers and antihypertensive drugs will work on different mechanism to lower blood pressure. For example, the co-administration of beta-1 blocker atenolol and ACE inhibitor lisinopril could produce a 50% larger reduction in blood pressure than using either drug alone. Hypertensive drugs